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Intersectionality From the Perspective of Feminist Activist Collectives in the Czech Republic
Dařílková, Linda ; Kobová, Ĺubica (advisor) ; Kolářová, Kateřina (referee)
Intersectionality is a topic that resonates with feminist activist collectives in the Czech Republic. Half of the collectives included in this research publicly identify as intersectional, while most of the remaining collectives identify with intersectionality at least to some extent. However, intersectionality is a complex theoretical concept, and one can ask how the collectives understand intersectionality and how they translate it into their practice. Much of the interviews revealed that discursive approaches to intersectionality are driven by an ethos of social justice, i.e. a better world for all. This implies an appeal to inclusivity, which was differentiated in several interviews between inward and outward inclusivity. Outward inclusivity was manifested by including more areas of social justice in the discourse and actions of the collective. At the discursive and practical level, I identified other, equally important, approaches to intersectionality, which I describe in this thesis. Intersectionality, in relation to the actual self-identification of collectives, also expresses an effort to distance oneself from exclusionary strands of feminism or activism in general, and in this respect intersectionality can also take on a normative character. Despite the research participants' largely (but...
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Nutritional labyrinth - institutional, expert and lay paths
Slepičková, Klára ; Stöckelová, Tereza (advisor) ; Klepal, Jaroslav (referee)
The Nutritional Labyrinth - Institutional, Expert and Lay Paths Bc. Klára Slepičková vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Tereza Stöckelová, Ph.D. Abstract: The diploma thesis offers ethnographic insights into the black box of school canteens. It follows heterogeneous actor-networks that emerge in the processes of planning, preparation, serving, consumption and disposal of food. It shows that the current (problematic) quality of school dining is not the fault of either unwilling cooks or picky diners, but is the result of negotiations between different norms of what "good food" actually is. Using the concept of ontonorms the thesis asks what values and beliefs uphold specific eating practices and how these norms establish different categories of foods and bodies. It also asks who or what, for whom and in which contexts mobilizes different registers of valuing. The thesis draws upon data from research in six school canteens, and the "Vaření" (Cooking) project in a Montessori school, training for cooks as part of the "Máme to na talíři" (We have it on our plate) project and the online environment of websites representing these projects and canteens. The research was conducted as diplomatic ethnography with an effort to give voice to those who are often considered incompetent to decide what "good food" is and thus creates...
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Systems of Transgender Oppression in the Czech Republic: An Independent Analysis
Lorenzů, Alex ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
The thesis deals with the normative discourse of transsexuality, both from a general cultural- historical perspective in the context of Western science and medicine and more specifically in the context of Czech sexology. On a detailed analysis of the publication Transsexualita: Diagnostika a léčba (Transsexuality: Diagnostics and Treatment), I illustrate the currently dominant conceptualization of transgender and/or transsexuality as a disorder, which, due to its normative influence, predetermines not only the possibilities of (self)identification available to trans* people in the Czech Republic, but also their treatment by Czech society and state institutions (e.g. in the conditions to be met for legal gender recognition, which still include compulsory sterilization). Methodologically, the thesis is chiefly grounded in discourse analysis, but it also shows an ethical standpoint in relation to the situation of Czech trans* people in the legal and medical systems. I also consider the factual dimension of transgender status and other expressions of gender diversity, primarily in maintaining a critical distance from the notions of their alleged pathology, still widespread in the normative sexological discourse. Keywords Biology, discourse, ethics, human rights, intersex, normativity, pathologization,...
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Judge-Made Law - Comparison between the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Supreme Court of the United States
Dumbrovský, Tomáš
JUDGE-MADE LAW COMPARISON BETWEEN THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Keywords: judge-made law; the European Union; the Court of Justice of the European Union; the Supreme Court of the United States; judicialization of governance; Kelsenian court; European constitutional space; European constitution; normativity; constitutional pluralism; sovereignty; federalism; post-communist states; new Member States of the European Union. Standard page (that is 1800 characters per page) and word count (including footnotes; without the contents, bibliography and annexes): 327 standard pages; 82 795 words. The Ph.D. thesis offers a complex reconceptualization of the constitutional system in the European Union. The constitutional systems of the Member States have been substantially transformed during the 20th century. Meanwhile a new constitutional system functioning in the Member States alongside their own systems has emerged - the constitutional system of the European Union. These two fundamental changes are difficult to grasp through an existing theoretical framework. That is because the framework is based on a set of outdated concepts: (i) Rousseau's concept of volonté générale that forms the basis of the parliamentary supremacy in a constitutional system; (ii)...
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International drone goods transportation
Říha, Vojtěch ; Zavadilová, Marta (referee)
International drone goods transportation - Abstract, key words The aim of this work is to explore the possibilities of liability concepts in relation to unmanned aerial vehicles that transport goods in the international transport of goods. For this purpose, a comparison of the normative theory of František Weyr and the way of functioning of formally logical systems is performed within the work. This normative theory has a great impact on the actual functioning of the information system itself, which is exempt from the content of its own rule contained in the norm itself. There are described methods of acknowledging machines and the method of interpretation and application of individual rules contained in norms themselves that are being interpreted by these machines. All this precisely with regard to the fact that unmanned aerial vehicles cannot learn to distinguish between inner values of norms, on which individual legal norms are based. This is because unmanned aerial vehicles cannot achieve this with the help of a tool of pure intelligence alone. Since unmanned aerial vehicles interpret and apply their own internal norms to the outside world only as they are set within their normative setting. This normative setting is also related to the protection against banal evil and the protection of notional...
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International drone goods transportation
Říha, Vojtěch ; Růžička, Květoslav (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
International drone goods transportation - Abstract, key words The aim of this work is to explore the possibilities of liability concepts in relation to unmanned aerial vehicles that transport goods in the international transport of goods. For this purpose, a comparison of the normative theory of František Weyr and the way of functioning of formally logical systems is performed within the work. This normative theory has a great impact on the actual functioning of the information system itself, which is exempt from the content of its own rule contained in the norm itself. There are described methods of acknowledging machines and the method of interpretation and application of individual rules contained in norms themselves that are being interpreted by these machines. All this precisely with regard to the fact that unmanned aerial vehicles cannot learn to distinguish between inner values of norms, on which individual legal norms are based. This is because unmanned aerial vehicles cannot achieve this with the help of a tool of pure intelligence alone. Since unmanned aerial vehicles interpret and apply their own internal norms to the outside world only as they are set within their normative setting. This normative setting is also related to the protection against banal evil and the protection of notional...
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Justificatory Status of Perceptual Beliefs
Sedláková, Jana ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Glombíček, Petr (referee)
The main subject of this essay is the problem of the relationship between sensation and perceptual beliefs in terms of their justification. Wilfrid Sellars and his Empiricism & The Philosophie of Mind are central for this essay. Sellars criticizes the theory of fundamentalism and sense data theory by pointing to the Myth of the Given. The perceptual beliefs could not be basic and self-justifying. Such a hierarchical structure is implausible, because we need a lot of other concepts for understanding and forming the perceptual beliefs. The justification has to be placed in the space of reason, when we are able to be responsible for our beliefs, to give reason, to understand the objections and react to them. This debate is not examined only in terms of an isolated, static subject. On the contrary, this subject is embedded to a dynamic social structure. Sellars' position contains three main elements: normativity, intersubjektivity and holism. All these elements will be more closely examined and placed in a broader context. Finally, I will present a critical view on Sellars' position on the basis of three questions: 1, to what extent is plausible the prior character of "It is" talk to "It looks" talk 2, to what extent can we talk about the non - inferential beliefs 3, to what extent is Sellars'...
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Liberalism and its justification in contemporary political philosophy
Cíbik, Matej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee) ; Moural, Josef (referee)
This thesis attempts to answer one basic question: what we can philosophically say to justify liberalism as a mode of political existence of society. It is divided into three parts. In the first one, I critically survey two popular answers to this question, employing the concepts of self- ownership and value pluralism respectively. I argue that both of them are inadequate and unsatisfactory, mostly because they operate with a conception of person that is too thin for the justificatory task. In the second part, I develop an interpretation of John Rawls and the conception of person he uses. I argue that this conception is crucial with regards to his answer to my question, yet that he provides only a limited and in the final analysis unpersuasive justification for it. The third part tries to remedy the deficiencies of Rawlsian liberalism by providing a better argumentative support for his conception of person and developing from it two arguments aiming to justify liberalism as a mode of political existence of society Key words Liberalism - John Rawls - Pluralism - Conception of person
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Systems of Transgender Oppression in the Czech Republic: An Independent Analysis
Lorenzů, Alex ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
The thesis deals with the normative discourse of transsexuality, both from a general cultural- historical perspective in the context of Western science and medicine and more specifically in the context of Czech sexology. On a detailed analysis of the publication Transsexualita: Diagnostika a léčba (Transsexuality: Diagnostics and Treatment), I illustrate the currently dominant conceptualization of transgender and/or transsexuality as a disorder, which, due to its normative influence, predetermines not only the possibilities of (self)identification available to trans* people in the Czech Republic, but also their treatment by Czech society and state institutions (e.g. in the conditions to be met for legal gender recognition, which still include compulsory sterilization). Methodologically, the thesis is chiefly grounded in discourse analysis, but it also shows an ethical standpoint in relation to the situation of Czech trans* people in the legal and medical systems. I also consider the factual dimension of transgender status and other expressions of gender diversity, primarily in maintaining a critical distance from the notions of their alleged pathology, still widespread in the normative sexological discourse. Keywords Biology, discourse, ethics, human rights, intersex, normativity, pathologization,...
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Subjective and Objective Reasons in Ethics
Šolarová, Anna ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
This text explores the question of reasons for morality and the related issues, particularly the nature and the source of moral motivation. First, I elaborate the metaphysical distinction between subjective and objective, which concerns the status of moral reasons and the extent to which a human agent in involved in their genesis. Next, I raise some questions about moral motivation and I introduce briefly some contemporary views on these issues. Major part of the work is dedicated to the exposition of Kierkegaard's position, which combines subjective motivation for ethics (avoidance of personally perceived symptoms of despair) and objectively grounded reasons for morality (sin). Philosophers interested in moral motivation typically look for fundamental moral principles and compelling arguments in favour of being moral, but Kierkegaard turns the attention of his readers to the task of their own selves. His pseudonyms do not look for an objective moral principle, they show why the ethical life-view is essential for attainment of true selfhood. In this work, I compare some contemporary accounts of moral motivation to Kierkegaard's, I comment critically on some interpretations of Kierkegaard and differentiate between different aspects of reason for choosing the ethical life, implied in his pseudonymous...
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